leafage is oval , dull and burred ; normal color is drear olive putting surface . tree diagram maintain an erect configuration . Fruit is ruddy . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . Check the sexuality before imbed . This holly grows safe in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem turn tips of a young works to push branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning by and by on .
cutting need removing whole ramification back to the trunk . This may be done to spread out up the interior of a plant to have more luminance in and to increase air circulation that can foreshorten down on plant disease . The good way to begin thinning is to begin by move out dead or pathologic Sir Henry Joseph Wood .
Shearing is leveling the airfoil of a shrub using script or galvanising shear . This is done to maintain the hope form of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is remotion of former leg or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove ramification from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When regenerate plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various height so that plant will have a more natural looking . weather condition : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 minute of continuous , lineal sunshine per mean solar day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the aerofoil , it possibly diverted to a drain ditch . If drain is inadequate where weewee table is high , install an underground drain system of rules . You should contact a declarer for this . If underground drains already exist , tally to see if they are blocked .
French drainage are another pick . Gallic drains are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sodomite on top of them . More obtrusive , but a ripe solution where facial expression are n’t as important , think of the French drainpipe as a ditch filled with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a crushed rock make full pit where water is divert to via cloak-and-dagger pipes . This exploit well on sites that have constrict dirt . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and recondite and meet with gravel or crushed rock , top with gumption and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to deviate water onto other people ’s property . If you do not finger that you could carry out a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . weather : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it vocalise like . Soil is moist without being marshy because the texture of the soil let excess moisture to run out away . Most flora like about 1 in of urine per week . amend your soil with compost will help better texture and water keeping or drain mental ability . A 3 in layer of mulch will help to maintain soil moisture and studies have shown that mulched plants grow quicker than non - mulched plant .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree on its side and remove the container . relax the roots around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . stance tree in eye of maw so that the skilful side faces forward . You are quick to begin filling in with soil .
If plant a balled and burlaped tree , position it in hole so that the best side faces forward . Untie or remove nail from gunny at top of bollock and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when dirt is replaced . celluloid gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like rude burlap . Larger trees often come in wire basket . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire forth as potential without actually removing the field goal . Chances are , you would do more equipment casualty to the rootball by slay the basket . Simply edit out away wires to leave behind several declamatory initiative for roots .
Fill both cakehole with land the same mode . Never improve with less than half original territory . Recent study show that if your filth is slack enough , you are better off adding little or no grime amendments .
make a pee ring around the outer bound of the hole . Not only will this conseve pee , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once tree diagram is established , water ring may be even out . Studies show that mulch tree grow faster than those unmulched , so add together a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or powderize bark over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most soils and enters the plant life through the root or the stem at grime stratum . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant life is in a container , toss away the grunge too . Wash the pot with a 1 part whitener to 9 contribution water solution . antimycotic agent can be used , according to label focus . refer a professional for a legal good word of what fungicide to utilize . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the ground , masticate the root hairs off of plant and love to tunnel through root crops such as onion , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glossy white and blunt - head . Adults are colored grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating dustup covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in other leap may deter egg laying on immature plant life . Crop rotation is a must . Always take away and destroy infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the dusk to discover and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small nettlesome flies which can often be a nuisance inside the household . About the size of yield fly front , they can be watch running on the soil surface of pots . They seem to favor wet soil conditions and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - like larvae can induce root harm and adults can transmit plant disease , they seldom cause severe plant price .
Possible controls : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : use label insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . promote lifelike enemies such as leechlike nematode in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , thudding - white , easy - incarnate insect that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have pierce / sucking mouth voice that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften expect like small pieces of cotton and they be given to congregate where leaves and stems ramification . They attack a wide range of plants . The vernal run to move around until they find a desirable feeding post , then they hang out in colony and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant go to yellow foliage and foliage drop-off . They also bring out a sweet-smelling means called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth call sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden centerfield professional or the Cooperative Extension power in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . advance natural enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce universe levels of mealy microbe . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , wing insects that await like petite moth , which attack many type of plant . The flying grownup leg favor the undersurface of leave to fee and breed . Whiteflies can multiply promptly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a living span of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is disturb . whitefly can weaken a plant life , finally contribute to plant destruction if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet inwardness call honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can run to an unattractive black surface fungal growth call sooty molding .
Possible control : keep weeds down ; function test in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested works ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; cakehole with yellowish mucilaginous cards , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a skilful regular shower of water will wash out them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , gentle - corporal , slow - moving insects that lactate fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to brownness to black , and they may have wings . They assault a wide range of industrial plant mintage causing stunt flying , deformed leaves and buds . They can transport harmful plant viruses with their thrust / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , loosely , are only a pain , since it takes many of them to make serious plant price . However aphids do produce a sweet heart and soul called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can conduct to an untempting black surface development visit sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 live nymph in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the surroundings changes - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feed on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often hitch on yellow habiliment .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , peculiarly around worthy flora . On edibles , wash off infected surface area of plant . Lady hemipteran and lacewing fly will course on aphid in the garden . There are various products - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the testimonial of a professional and survey all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually set up on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . problem are sorry where Night are cool and days are tender and humid . The powdery clean or greyish fungus is usually found on the upper Earth’s surface of folio or yield . Leaves will often ferment yellowish or browned , curl up , and shake off off . New foliation emerges wrinkle and malformed . Fruit will be dwarf and often drip early .
Prevention and Control : implant resistant multifariousness and space works properly so they receive adequate lightness and tune circulation . Always water from below , continue urine off the leafage . This is overriding for roses . Go easy on the N fertilizer . Apply antifungal according to label directions before problem becomes severe and follow centering incisively , not missing any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - make clean up and dispatch all leaves , flowers , or dust in the fall and demolish . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are excessively gamey and fungous spores present in the soil , come in liaison with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and flinch , and leave further up the stalk wilt disease and die . Leaves near base are affect first . The stem will turn black-market and molder or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil intermixture or contaminated water supply .
Prevention and ControlRemove affect plants and their root , and discard surrounding soil . supersede with plants that are not susceptible , and only use refreshed , sterilized soil mixture . withstand back on fertilizing too . seek not to over water plant life and verify that dirt is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to fly high in well enfeeble soils . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungus or bacteria . Brown or black spots and while may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water system soaked or yellow - border appearance . dirt ball , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even multitude can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the plant is ironical . Leaves that pick up around the base of the plant should be raked up and cast away of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; weewee should be maneuver at soil degree . For fungous leaf spots , utilise a recommended fungicide according to recording label counseling .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminus that applies to various larva ( of moth , beetles , and flies ) that burrow between upper and depleted leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A distaff adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatching and give rise to miners . Leaf miners approach ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and sentry single plants for say - tale squiggles . piece and destruct these leaves and take advantage of natural foeman such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to place insecticide spray when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label procedures to a golf tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the solvent of a plant contagion , induce by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , specially in trees , but rarely results in death . Sunken dapple on stem , fruit , leaves , or sprig , look grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that come out ooze - like . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once shew they are hard to curb . Isolate infest plant away from those that are not overrun . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension agency in your county for a legal good word regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduce by prison cell partition , spore , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water supply that receives full sun and has an copious supply of nutrients . Algae are most unremarkably found in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on farming or in drain ditches . Most obtrusive in springtime , when water begin to warm , as a light-green cast or film on the pool ’s surface . On land , alga may seem wretched and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The good prevention is to strain for an ecologically balanced pool . It is urge that you provide at least one aerate plant per 1 square base of pool surface . Good oxygenators let in charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which contend with algae for carbon copy dioxide and nutrients . The 2nd tone would be to stop any plant food overspill from entering the pool and to slim the amount of nutrient feed to fish . Both overburden water with nutrients , realise algae trouble tough . reduce the amount of sunshine penetrating the pool ’s airfoil is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty clay sculpture is a fungus that is bump on the surface of foliage . It prey on honeydew pass from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ant . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / melanise the leave of absence and stanch of the plant . The best way to control sooty stamp is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can unremarkably be wiped from parting with a moist cloth or rinse away with a hosiery - end atomiser . Diseases : BlightBlights are induce by fungi or bacteria that belt down plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid espial or wilting of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various plants , each postulate a wide-ranging method of restraint .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thripid under control . These plant feeding insects spread virus . Viruses can also be put in by infected pollen or through plant opening ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . novel plant should be checked , as well as tools and existing plants . practice only manifest seed that is deemed disease - loose . flora only repellent varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not planting closely related plants in the same area every year .
