leafage is oval , dull and spiny ; normal colouration is dark olive green . Trees maintain an tumid conformation . yield is red . Gender is manly . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This mintage does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the bounce . Check the gender before planting . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning after on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to countenance more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on industrial plant disease . The best way to begin thinning is to begin by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is level the aerofoil of a shrub using mitt or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desired form of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of older arm or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to restore its original contour and size of it . It is advocate that you do not remove more than one third of a works at a fourth dimension . Remember to polish off ramification from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various top so that plant life will have a more natural feel . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hour of uninterrupted , direct sunlight per solar day .
Watering
If the trouble is only on the surface , it maybe divert to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water mesa is mellow , put in an underground drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drains already be , contain to see if they are blocked .
French drainage are another option . French drain are ditch that have been filled with gravel . It is ok to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a full solution where looks are n’t as important , retrieve of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where H2O is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted ground . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or squeeze rock , topped with Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin and sodded or sow .
Keep in idea that it is illegal to divert H2O onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you could implement a workable solvent on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans just what it go like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the soil give up surplus wet to debilitate away . Most plants like about 1 inch of water per week . Amending your ground with compost will aid improve texture and water holding or draining capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will aid to hold filth wet and studies have indicate that mulched plants produce faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , lie the tree on its side and absent the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without split up the ascendant formal too much . Position tree in center of fix so that the best side faces frontwards . You are ready to set about filling in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in mess so that the best side faces forward . undo or withdraw nails from gunny at top of chunk and force gunny back , so it does not stick out of muddle when soil is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be take away as it will not decompose like natural gunny . Larger trees often come in telegram baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but foreshorten as much of the wire away as possible without actually removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more terms to the rootball by removing the hoop . Simply snub away telegram to leave several gravid first step for roots .
Fill both hollow with soil the same style . Never meliorate with less than half original soil . Recent subject show that if your stain is lax enough , you are better off adding little or no soil amendment .
make a piss ring around the prohibited border of the hollow . Not only will this conseve water supply , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is set up , H2O annulus may be leveled . Studies show that mulched tree grow faster than those unmulched , so tote up a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . withdraw any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the roots or the stem at soil stage . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , diminish lachrymation . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water solution . fungicide can be used , according to recording label direction . look up a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to practice . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the grime , manducate the ancestor hairs off of plants and dear to burrow through stem craw such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an column inch long , showy white-hot and blunt - head . adult are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row cover charge or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in other spring may deter egg laying on vernal plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always bump off and put down infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and put down pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky rainfly which can often be a pain in the neck inside the rest home . About the sizing of fruit flies , they can be encounter run on the grunge control surface of pots . They seem to favor wet soil conditions and may thrive in mixes curb hardwood barque or manure . While the dirt ball - like larva can cause root damage and adult can channelize plant life disease , they rarely cause knockout plant damage .
potential control : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the adolescent stage . grownup can be control with recommended insecticides , as well . promote natural enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , flaccid - bodied worm that make a waxy powdery handle . They have piercing / sucking sass parts that sop up the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Mealybugsoften calculate like pocket-sized pieces of cotton fiber and they tend to congregate where leaves and halt branch . They attack a wide range of plant . The unseasoned incline to move around until they ascertain a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to lily-livered leafage and leaf drop curtain . They also bring about a sweet core called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can direct to an untempting black open fungal emergence call sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden heart and soul professional or the Cooperative Extension office staff in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance passport . boost raw foe such as lady mallet in the garden to help boil down universe levels of mealy bug . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , winged insects that wait like midget moths , which attack many eccentric of plant . The fly grownup stage prefer the bottom of leave to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insect when the works is disturbed . Whiteflies can sabotage a plant , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet core called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can pass to an untempting black surface fungal growth called sooty molding .
potential control : keep weeds down ; manipulation test in window to keep them out ; remove infest plants aside from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellowish sticky cards , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a adept steady rain shower of piss will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slowly - locomote insects that suck fluid from flora . Aphidscome in many colors , set out from unripe to brownness to black , and they may have wings . They attack a across-the-board compass of plant mintage do stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing / soak up mouthpart . Aphids , by and large , are merely a pain , since it takes many of them to get serious plant legal injury . However aphids do produce a angelic center called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can run to an untempting black-market control surface maturation call sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the track of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - bound & descent . They ’re often mass at the bakshish of ramification feed on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the colour yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow habiliment .
Prevention and Control : Keep skunk to an downright minimum , especially around suitable plants . On edibles , launder off infected area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various product - constitutive and inorganic - that can be used to operate aphid . Seek the good word of a professional and stick to all label procedure to a teeing ground . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually find on plants that do not have enough air circulation or equal light . problem are bad where night are coolheaded and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually establish on the upper surface of leaves or yield . leafage will often turn chicken or brown , curve up , and drop off . New foliage emerge scrunch up and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : engraft resistant varieties and infinite plant properly so they find tolerable light and air circulation . Always water from below , keep water off the foliage . This is predominant for roses . Go easily on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to label directions before job becomes severe and surveil counsel exactly , not leave out any call for treatment . Sanitation is a must - make clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are too high and fungous spore present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The alkali of stems discolor and squinch , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and drop dead . leave of absence near infrastructure are impress first . The antecedent will move around pitch-black and rot or ruin . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil premix or contaminate body of water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their root , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilize filth mixing . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plant and make trusted that soil is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to fly high in well drain grime . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf speckle are cause by fungus or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a piss soaked or yellow - edged appearance . insect , rain , muddied garden tools , or even the great unwashed can help its cattle farm .
Prevention and Control : slay infected leave of absence when the plant is dry . Leaves that accumulate around the base of the industrial plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; piddle should be directed at soil horizontal surface . For fungal leaf smear , use a recommended fungicide harmonise to label guidance .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminal figure that give to various larva ( of moth , beetle , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower folio surface , lead a classifiable , squiggly rule . A distaff grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the folio which hatching and give ascent to mineworker . leafage mineworker attack ornamental and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed down and sentry individual works for enjoin - tale squiggles . piece and put down these leaves and take vantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your country to target insecticide nebuliser when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . try a professional recommendation and accompany all label procedure to a tee . * GDD number should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a works transmission , due to a fungus , and may make wicked defoliation , especially in Tree , but rarely results in end . Sunken speckle on stems , fruit , leaves , or twigs , seem grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore hoi polloi that come along slime - comparable . On veggie , fleck may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once found they are grueling to check . Isolate infested plants aside from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden core professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual good word regarding their control . Encourage natural foe such as parasitic wasp in the garden . gage : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cellular telephone division , spores , or atomisation . It boom in warming water that receive full sun and has an ample supplying of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on land or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in leap , when water begins to warm up , as a greenish cast or pic on the pond ’s airfoil . On solid ground , algae may seem slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you supply at least one oxygenize plant per 1 square metrical foot of pool surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which contend with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The 2d step would be to give up any fertilizer overflow from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food for thought fed to fish . Both overload water supply with nutrients , making alga trouble worse . reduce the amount of sun penetrating the pool ’s surface is the third step . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is receive on the control surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew pass from aphids , mealy microbe , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the flora . The best way to control sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can normally be wipe from leaves with a damp cloth or washed away with a hose - last nebulizer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the speedy spotting or wilting of leaf . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each command a wide-ranging method of mastery .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thripid under restraint . These plant feeding insects spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by septic pollen or through plant opening ( as when rationalize ) . start bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . young plants should be checked , as well as pecker and existing plants . apply only evidence seed that is deemed disease - free . flora only repellent varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby spread out crops , not planting intimately have-to doe with plants in the same orbit every year .
