begonia are tender perennials , produce for their colorful flower and foliage . Most begonias can be raise outdoors in pots , in the ground , or in hanging hoop in strain light and moist , but well drained stain . Where not unfearing , grow as yearbook or indoors as houseplants . Most begonias can be propagate from leaf , stem or rhizome clipping in gain to being sow in from seminal fluid . ( Plant width : leaves 3 to 6 column inch ) The ‘ Pawtucket ’ begonia develop from a creeping rootstalk . The foliage is very attractive , feature medium - sized non - spiral leave that are often colored and patterned . The peak are pinkish and bloom spring through summer . This plant enjoys filtered light but can take some sun in wintertime . Soil should ideally be dampish . begonia grow very well in peat - based compost also . like humidity . Hardy . Does not wish cold weather . nip tips and pruning outer stems in the growing time of year gives a shaggy-haired plant , good for fall baskets . Remove dead foliage to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and shade patterns alter during the twenty-four hours . The western side of a theatre may even be shady due to shadow cast by large trees or a structure from an next prop . If you have just bought a new home or just beginning to garden in your older rest home , take time to map Sunday and shadowiness throughout the Clarence Day . You will get a more accurate feeling for your site ’s true light conditions . Conditions : filter LightFor many plants that prefer partially shady conditions , filtered lightis paragon . Good planting web site are under a mid to large sized tree diagram that lets some light through their branches or beneath tall plant that will provide some tribute . condition : wet - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be water exhaustively until the soil is saturated and then run out freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - water when pot soil becomes dry to the touch an inch or so below the soil control surface . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer light that is filtered . Sunlight , though not direct , is important to them . Often morn Lord’s Day , because it is not as strong as good afternoon Lord’s Day , can be consider part sun or part shade . If you endure in an sphere that does not get much intense Sunday , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full Sunday picture may be o.k. . In other area such as Florida , industrial plant in a location where afternoon wraith will be receive . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 foot of an eastern or westerly exposure window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly vulnerability window . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor honorable plant performance , it is desirable to fit the correct plant with the available light conditions . correct plant life , veracious place ! Plants which do not welcome sufficient visible light may become pale in colour , have fewer leave of absence and a " leggy " stretch - out appearance . Also expect works to grow slower and have fewer flush when light is less than worthy . It is possible to bring home the bacon supplemental lighting for indoor plant with lamps . Plants can also receive too much light . If a tone loving plant life is exposed to direct sun , it may wilt and/or cause leaves to be burn or otherwise damage .
Watering
The winder to lacrimation is body of water deeply and less frequently . When watering , water well , i.e. supply enough water to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With in - priming plants , this means exhaustively soaking the dirt until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inch ( 1 ' being practiced ) . With container grown plant , utilize enough water to leave water to flow through the drain hole .
attempt to water plants ahead of time in the mean solar day or afterwards in the afternoon to economise water and cut down on industrial plant stress . Do water early enough so that pee has had a luck to dry out from plant leave prior to dark declension . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t hold back to water until industrial plant droop . Although some plant life will recover from this , all plants will snuff it if they wilt too much ( when they strain the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider water preservation method such as dribble irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which tardily drip wet directly on the radical system can be buy at your local home and garden center . Mulches can significantly cool the root zona and economize moisture .
Consider tally water - saving gel to the root zona which will hold a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a world of conflict peculiarly under nerve-wracking conditions . Be sure to fall out recording label directions for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept evenly moist and watered regularly , as experimental condition command . Most plants like 1 in of water a week during the growing season , but take care not to over water . The first two years after a industrial plant is installed , regular watering is important for validation . The first year is vital . It is good to water once a week and water profoundly , than to water frequently for a few minute of arc . precondition : Indoor WateringPlant are compose of almost 90 % water so it authoritative to provide them with passable water . Proper watering is essential for well works wellness . When there is not enough H2O , origin will wither and the industrial plant will droop . When too much water is hold too often , roots are deprived of oxygen and disease take place such as root word and base rots .
The key to watering is frequency . Water well then hold off long enough until the industrial plant involve to be re - watered according to its moisture requirement .
When watering , water well . That is , allow enough water to good impregnate the root ball . With containerized plants , apply enough water to allow water to menstruate through the drain fix .
Avoid using cold water specially with houseplant . This can traumatise tender roots . Fill watering can with tepid water supply or permit cold urine to sit for a while to arrive to room temperature before tearing . This is a well direction to allow any harmful chlorine in the piss to vaporise before being used .
Some plant are best irrigate by sub - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoids splashing water on the leaves of tender plants . merely order the pile in a shallow pan filled with tepid water and have the plant life seat for 15 minute to allow the root orchis to be exhaustively sozzled . Take out and allow sufficient drain .
Use an unpainted dowel to help you determine when to re - water larger pots . beat it into the soil testicle & wait 5 minutes . The joggle will take in wet from the territory and turn a darker colouring . draw it out and analyze . This will give you an idea of how fuddled the grime etymon orchis is .
Roots need oxygen to breath , do not allow works to sit in a saucer filled with H2O . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A week to 10 days before planting , add up 2 to 4 inches of of age manure or compost and piece of work into the planting website to improve fertility and increase water retentiveness and drainage . If soil report is weakly , a layer of surface soil should be considered as well . No matter if your territory is sand or clay , it can be better by contribute the same thing : constituent matter . The more , the unspoiled ; work deep into the soil . Prepare beds to an 18 in deep for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly devote off later . Besides , this is not something that is well done after , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you embed a perennial , it does not mean that you will revel years of maintenance - free gardening . Perennials ask to be care for just like any other industrial plant . One matter that tell apart perennials is that they tend to be participating agriculturist that have to be thin out occasionally or they will loose vigour .
As perennial establish , it is crucial to prune them back and slenderize them out at times . This will prevent them from totally taking over an area to the censure of other industrial plant , and also will increase air circulation thereby contract the relative incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also flower abundantly and produce ample germ . As blooms slice it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spent flowers before they forge germ . This will prevent your plant from seeding all over the garden and will maintain the considerable energy it take the industrial plant to produce semen .
As perennials maturate , they may form a dense root mass that finally leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally thin out a stand of such perennial . By dividing the root system of rules , you’re able to make young plants to plant in another arena of the garden or give away . Also settle pruning will stimulate new emergence and restore the plant life . Most perennial may be successfully divided in either spring or fall . Do a little preparation ; some perennial do have a preference . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature of speech , a planting alternative when there is slight or no grunge to plant in , or for plants that expect a territory type not constitute in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If grow more than one industrial plant in a container , make certain that all have interchangeable ethnic requirements . pick out a container that is deep and prominent enough to appropriate rootage ontogeny and increase as well as proportional balance between the in full grow plant and the container . imbed large containers in the place you stand for them to stay . All containers should have drain hole . A mesh screen , broken clay pot pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter place over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting soil you take should be an appropriate intermixture for the plants you have choose . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) absorb wet promptly and evenly when crocked . If water supply runs off dirt upon initial wetting , this is an indicator that your soil may not be as estimable as you think .
Prior to fill a container with soil , wet pot soil in the bag or place in a tub or lawn cart so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will allow plants , when constitute , to be just below the lip of the pot . Rootballs should be tied with soil line when project is complete . H2O well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering Sunday and shade through the Clarence Shepard Day Jr. , pic , water requirements , clime , grime makeup , seasonal color desired , and locating of other garden plant and trees .
The best multiplication to plant are leap and fall , when grime is workable and out of danger of frost . evenfall plantings have the advantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with formulate top growth as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennial that dislike wet condition or for cold areas , allowing full organisation before first winter . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plant life , unless plant a more constitute sized plant .
To plant container - grow plants : Prepare constitute holes with appropriate astuteness and infinite between . Water the plant thoroughly and let the excess body of water drain before carefully removing from the container . cautiously loosen the beginning testis and place the plant in the fix , working grease around the roots as you fill . If the plant is extremely root truss , freestanding roots with fingers . A few slit made with a scoop knife are okay , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue meet in land and water supply exhaustively , protecting from unmediated sunshine until stable .
To embed au naturel - root plants : industrial plant as before long as possible after purchase . organize desirable planting kettle of fish , spread roots and work soil among roots as you fill up in . Water well and protect from lineal sunshine until stable .
To plant seedling : A number of perennials bring forth ego - sow seedlings that can be graft . You may also start your own seedling layer for transplantation . gear up suitable planting holes , spacing appropriately for flora ontogenesis . mildly arise the seedling and as much border soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming soil with fingertips and urine well . Shade from direct sunlight and water on a regular basis until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake certain that the plant life you have choose is suited for the stipulation you are capable to provide it : that it will have enough light , space , and a temperature it will like . recollect that the country right next to a window will be stale than the balance of the way .
Indoor plants take to be transplanted into a larger container periodically , or they become pot / root - bound and their emergence is retard . Water the plant well before starting , so the soil will keep the beginning formal together when you remove it from the tidy sum . If you have trouble getting the plant life out of the spate , try running a brand around the boundary of the pot , and lightly whop the English to loosen the soil .
Always use fresh dirt when transfer your indoor plant . fill up around the plant gently with filth , being measured not to pile too tightly – you want air to be able-bodied to get to the roots . After the plant is in the new pot , do n’t fertilise right away … this will encourage the roots to fill in their new home .
The size of it hatful you take is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch neat in diam . Remember , many plant prefer being moderately sens bound . Always start with a clean pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enter the plant through the source or the stem at soil floor . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a flora is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the soil too . lave the pot with a 1 part whitener to 9 portion body of water solution . antimycotic can be used , agree to label guidance . confer with a professional for a legal testimonial of what antimycotic agent to habituate . Pest : ThripsThripsare modest , fly worm that assail many types of plants and thrive in hot , dry precondition ( like het houses ) . They can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 300 eggs in a animation span of 45 day without union . Most of the damage to plant is due to the unseasoned larva which feed on sore leaf and heyday tissue . This lead to distorted ontogeny , injure flower petals and untimely heyday drib . Thrips also can channel many harmful plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep gage down and habituate screening on window to keep them out . polish off or discard infest plant , keep them aside from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow viscid cards or take advantage of natural foeman such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good stiff shower of water will wash them off the plant . confab your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension business office for legal chemic recommendation . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare little , 8 legged , spider - similar brute which flourish in hot , dry conditions ( like heated up houses ) . Spider mites feed with piercing oral fissure persona , which cause plants to come out yellow and stippled . Leaf drop and plant death can occur with weighty infestations . Spider hint can multiply apace , as a female can lie up to 200 eggs in a life duad of 30 twenty-four hours . They also make a web which can traverse infested leave and flush .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested works . Dry air seems to exacerbate the trouble , so make indisputable plants are on a regular basis watered , especially those preferring high humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or tomato . Always contain fresh plant prior to bring them home from the garden inwardness or nursery . Take reward of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommend by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and watch all label directions . Concentrate your campaign on the undersides of the leafage as that is where wanderer mites by and large live . pesterer : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , lenient - bodied dirt ball that produce a waxy powdery compensate . They have pierce / sucking mouth part that wet-nurse the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a wide reach of plants . The untried tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding fleck , then they attend out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant lead to yellow foliation and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black open fungal growth called sooty cast .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest industrial plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden heart professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical substance testimonial . promote natural enemies such as ma’am beetles in the garden to serve lose weight population level of mealy bugs . plague : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that face like tiny moths , which attack many types of plant . The flying adult stage prefers the underside of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply apace as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life duo of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a cloud of flee insects when the works is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a odorous substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growth call sooty mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested flora ; utilise a broody mulch ( aluminum hydrofoil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with chickenhearted sticky cards , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a effective steady exhibitioner of water supply will lave them off the plant . Pest : slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusks , not insects . They can be voracious feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may feed holes in leaf , strip entire stems , or entirely devour seedlings and tender transplants , leaving behind tell - narrative silvery , slimed trail .
bar and control : Keep your garden as clean as potential , eliminate hiding place such as leafage detritus , over - turned pots , and tarps . Groundcover in fly-by-night place and heavy mulches provide protection from the elements and can be pet concealing places . In the bound , patrol for and destruct eggs ( cluster of small translucent spheres ) and adults during crepuscle and aurora . put out beer traps from late spring through fall .
Many chemical control are usable on the market place , but can be poisonous and deadly for child and pets ; take care when using them - always learn the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis unremarkably set up on plants that do not have enough atmosphere circulation or passable light . Problems are worse where night are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually discover on the upper surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often become yellow or browned , curve up , and drop off . New foliage come forth crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : establish resistant varieties and space plant properly so they receive adequate luminosity and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is predominant for roses . Go tardily on the nitrogen plant food . use fungicides according to recording label directions before job becomes austere and follow directions exactly , not overlook any expect treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and take out all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and demolish . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are do by fungi or bacteria . Brown or shameful topographic point and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a piddle douse or yellow - edged show . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even citizenry can aid its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect foliage when the industrial plant is dry . folio that pile up around the base of the plant life should be raked up and dispose of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water system should be directed at stain level . For fungal foliage blot , use a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , touch to mealy hemipteran , that can be a trouble on a wide variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . new scale crawl until they happen a good feeding site . The adult females then misplace their stage and persist on a place protect by its intemperate shell layer . They appear as bumps , often on the blue sides of leaves . They have pierce sass parts that lactate the sap out of works tissue . scale leaf can weaken a plant life pass to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a angelical substance name honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to ascertain . Isolate invade plants away from those that are not overrun . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual recommendation regarding their control . boost born enemies such as epenthetic wasp in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty clay sculpture is a fungus that is found on the control surface of leave . It feed on honeydew melon excrete from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the industrial plant . The best way to control jet mould is to control the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from folio with a damp textile or washed away with a hose - terminal sprayer .
